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Radon, Searching For The Cracks In The Wall

Posted on April 11th, 2010 in Inner Healing At Home Cancer, Pollution, Radon

wall crack The concentration of radon in a home depends on:

the amount of uranium in the underlying rocks and soils
the routes available for the passage of radon into the home
the rate of exchange between indoor and outdoor air, which depends on the construction of the house, the ventilation habits of the inhabitants, and the sealing of windows.

Radon enters homes through:

cracks at concrete floor-wall junctions
gaps in the floor
small pores in hollow-block walls
sumps and drains.

Radon levels are usually higher in basements, cellars or other structural areas in contact with soil.

wall crack2 Radon concentrations can vary between adjacent homes, and can vary within a home from day-to-day and from hour-to-hour. Because of these fluctuations, estimating the annual mean concentration of radon in indoor air requires measurements of mean radon concentrations for at least three months.

Most countries have adopted an indoor air radon concentration of 200–400 Bq/m3 as a reference level above which mitigation measures should be taken.

Have You Been Using Radon Contained Water Daily?

In many countries, drinking water is obtained from groundwater sources such as springs, wells and boreholes. These sources of water normally have much higher concentrations of radon than surface water from rivers, lakes and streams.

Radon Movement

In many countries, radon concentrations of 20 Bq/l – in some instances above 100 Bq/l – have been measured in individual water supplies. To date, epidemiological studies have not found an association between radon in drinking water and cancer of the digestive and other systems. WHO recommend repeated measurements to be implemented if radon in public drinking water supplies exceeds 100 Bq/l.

Radon Is Extremely Hazardous

Radon is always associated with lung cancer. We’d like to know how much the effect of this radon. Take a look at this table below.

Location	Publish Year	Number of Lung Cancer Patients	Number of Control	Radon in Average (Bq/m3)	Relative Risk 100 Bq/m3 vs 0 Bq/m3	95% Confidence Interval
Stockholm	1992	201	378	130	1.55	1.23-2.00
Swedish nationwide	1994	1281	2576	110	1.10	1.01-1.22
S. Finland	1996	164	331	220	1.80	0.90-3.50
Finnish nationwide	1996	517	517	100	1.11	0.94-1.31
SW England	1998	982	3185	60	1.08	0.97-1.20
West Germany	1998	1449	2297	50	0.98	0.82-1.17
Swedish never-smokers	2001	258	487	80	1.28	0.95-2.05
Czech Republic	2001	210	11.794	500	1.09	1.02-1.21
Italy, Trento	2001	138	210	130	1.40	0.30-6.60
Spain	2002	163	241	130	2.48	1.12-5.48
Austria	2002	194	198	200	1.25	1.08-1.43
France	2002	486	984	141	1.04	0.99-1.11
East Germany	2002	1053	1667	80	1.08	0.97-1.20

Table : Radon measurement study result in living and lung cancer risk in Europe, published by DARBY, S.C. and HILL, D.C., Health effects of residential radon : A European perspective at the end of 2002, Radiat. Prot. Dosim, (2003).104 (4), 321–329.
International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommend the maximum indoor radon concentration level is 5.4 pCi/L or 200 Bq/m3.
Enviromental Protection Agency (EPA) recommend whenever radon concentration reach 4 pCi/L or 150 Bq/m3 (or higher), it needs an action to reduce the indoor radon concentration.

Next we will find out how to avoid from the effect of this hazardous radon.

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To republish this article on your own website, please copy-paste this code below. Enjoy your time to read other interesting articles on Careandhealed.com

 
<strong>
<a href="http://careandhealed.com/2010/04/searching-for-the-cracks-in-the-wall/">Radon, Searching For The Cracks In The Wall</a></strong><p><span class="rdetector_placeholder_before"></span>
<div style="padding: 1.2em; background-color: #hex_here; line-height: 1.4;">
<p><img class="alignleft" title="Wall Crack" src="http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4055/4507820948_02ab06c0fd_m.jpg" alt="wall crack" width="165" height="240" />The concentration of radon in a home depends on:</p>
<ul>
<li>the amount of uranium in the underlying rocks and soils</li>
<li>the routes available for the passage of radon into the home</li>
<li>the rate of exchange between indoor and outdoor air, which depends on the construction of the house, the ventilation habits of the inhabitants, and the sealing of windows.</li>
</ul>
<p>Radon enters homes through:</p>
<ul>
<li>cracks at concrete floor-wall junctions</li>
<li>gaps in the floor</li>
<li>small pores in hollow-block walls</li>
<li>sumps and drains.</li>
</ul>
<p>Radon levels are usually higher in basements, cellars or other structural areas in contact with soil.</p>
<p><img class="alignright" title="Wall Crack" src="http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4019/4507183491_bf19bd05b1_m.jpg" alt="wall crack2" width="240" height="165" />Radon concentrations can vary between adjacent homes, and can vary within a home from day-to-day and from hour-to-hour. Because of these fluctuations, estimating the annual mean concentration of radon in indoor air requires measurements of mean radon concentrations for at least three months.</p>
<p>Most countries have adopted an indoor air radon concentration of 200–400 Bq/m3 as a reference level above which mitigation measures should be taken.</p>
<h2>Have You Been Using Radon Contained Water Daily?</h2>
<p>In many countries, drinking water is obtained from groundwater sources such as springs, wells and boreholes. These sources of water normally have much higher concentrations of radon than surface water from rivers, lakes and streams.</p>
<p><img class="aligncenter" title="Radon Movement" src="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2747/4507183745_67b27966eb_m.jpg" alt="Radon Movement" width="312" height="295" /></p>
<p>In many countries, radon concentrations of 20 Bq/l – in some instances above 100 Bq/l – have been measured in individual water supplies. To date, epidemiological studies have not found an association between radon in drinking water and cancer of the digestive and other systems. WHO recommend repeated measurements to be implemented if radon in public drinking water supplies exceeds 100 Bq/l.</p>
<h2>Radon Is Extremely Hazardous</h2>
<p>Radon is always associated with lung cancer. We’d like to know how much the effect of this radon. Take a look at this table below.</p>

<table id="wp-table-reloaded-id-14-no-2" class="wp-table-reloaded wp-table-reloaded-id-14">
<thead>
	<tr class="row-1 odd">
		<th class="column-1">Location</th><th class="column-2">Publish Year</th><th class="column-3">Number of Lung Cancer Patients</th><th class="column-4">Number of Control</th><th class="column-5">Radon in Average <br />
(Bq/m3)</th><th class="column-6">Relative Risk<br />
100 Bq/m3 vs 0 Bq/m3</th><th class="column-7">95% Confidence Interval</th>
	</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
	<tr class="row-2 even">
		<td class="column-1">Stockholm</td><td class="column-2">1992</td><td class="column-3">201</td><td class="column-4">378</td><td class="column-5">130</td><td class="column-6">1.55</td><td class="column-7">1.23-2.00</td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row-3 odd">
		<td class="column-1">Swedish nationwide</td><td class="column-2">1994</td><td class="column-3">1281</td><td class="column-4">2576</td><td class="column-5">110</td><td class="column-6">1.10</td><td class="column-7">1.01-1.22</td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row-4 even">
		<td class="column-1">S. Finland</td><td class="column-2">1996</td><td class="column-3">164</td><td class="column-4">331</td><td class="column-5">220</td><td class="column-6">1.80</td><td class="column-7">0.90-3.50</td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row-5 odd">
		<td class="column-1">Finnish nationwide</td><td class="column-2">1996</td><td class="column-3">517</td><td class="column-4">517</td><td class="column-5">100</td><td class="column-6">1.11</td><td class="column-7">0.94-1.31</td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row-6 even">
		<td class="column-1">SW England</td><td class="column-2">1998</td><td class="column-3">982</td><td class="column-4">3185</td><td class="column-5">60</td><td class="column-6">1.08</td><td class="column-7">0.97-1.20</td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row-7 odd">
		<td class="column-1">West Germany</td><td class="column-2">1998</td><td class="column-3">1449</td><td class="column-4">2297</td><td class="column-5">50</td><td class="column-6">0.98</td><td class="column-7">0.82-1.17</td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row-8 even">
		<td class="column-1">Swedish never-smokers</td><td class="column-2">2001</td><td class="column-3">258</td><td class="column-4">487</td><td class="column-5">80</td><td class="column-6">1.28</td><td class="column-7">0.95-2.05</td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row-9 odd">
		<td class="column-1">Czech Republic</td><td class="column-2">2001</td><td class="column-3">210</td><td class="column-4">11.794</td><td class="column-5">500</td><td class="column-6">1.09</td><td class="column-7">1.02-1.21</td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row-10 even">
		<td class="column-1">Italy, Trento</td><td class="column-2">2001</td><td class="column-3">138</td><td class="column-4">210</td><td class="column-5">130</td><td class="column-6">1.40</td><td class="column-7">0.30-6.60</td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row-11 odd">
		<td class="column-1">Spain</td><td class="column-2">2002</td><td class="column-3">163</td><td class="column-4">241</td><td class="column-5">130</td><td class="column-6">2.48</td><td class="column-7">1.12-5.48</td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row-12 even">
		<td class="column-1">Austria</td><td class="column-2">2002</td><td class="column-3">194</td><td class="column-4">198</td><td class="column-5">200</td><td class="column-6">1.25</td><td class="column-7">1.08-1.43</td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row-13 odd">
		<td class="column-1">France</td><td class="column-2">2002</td><td class="column-3">486</td><td class="column-4">984</td><td class="column-5">141</td><td class="column-6">1.04</td><td class="column-7">0.99-1.11</td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row-14 even">
		<td class="column-1">East Germany</td><td class="column-2">2002</td><td class="column-3">1053</td><td class="column-4">1667</td><td class="column-5">80</td><td class="column-6">1.08</td><td class="column-7">0.97-1.20</td>
	</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<span class="wp-table-reloaded-table-description"><h3>*Table : *Radon measurement study result in living and lung cancer risk in Europe, published by DARBY, S.C. and HILL, D.C., Health effects of residential radon : A European perspective at the end of 2002, Radiat. Prot. Dosim, (2003).104 (4), 321–329.<br />
*International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommend the maximum indoor radon concentration level is 5.4 pCi/L or 200 Bq/m3. <br />
*Enviromental Protection Agency (EPA) recommend whenever radon concentration reach 4 pCi/L or 150 Bq/m3 (or higher), it needs an action to reduce the indoor radon concentration.</h3></span>

<p>Next we will find out how to avoid from the effect of this hazardous radon.</p>
</div>
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<p>Related posts:</p><ol><li><a href='http://careandhealed.com/2010/04/why-is-there-radon-in-my-house/' rel='bookmark' title='Permanent Link: Why Is There Radon In My House? Where Does This Thing Come From?'>Why Is There Radon In My House? Where Does This Thing Come From?</a></li>
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Care and Healed

Radon, Searching For The Cracks In The Wall

Posted on April 11th, 2010 in Inner Healing At Home Cancer, Pollution, Radon

Have You Been Using Radon Contained Water Daily?

Radon Is Extremely Hazardous

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